Thomas Mann Randolph, Jefferson's son-in-law, observed this perennial wildflower blooming on April 30, 1791, at Monticello. Jefferson may have sowed seed in the gardens, as this Columbine's pendulous yellow and red flowers are among the most attractive of all native plants for a partially-shaded site. John Tradescant, an English plant explorer of the seventeenth century, introduced this species into European gardens.

Sow the seed anytime during the growing season for flowers the following year. USDA Zones 3-8.

Approximately 25-30 seeds per pack.

Line Drawing from New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora by H. A. Gleason (1958) zone3, zone4, zone5, zone6, zone7, zone8